How Much Air Pressure in Road Bike Tires: The Right PSI for Optimal Performance

A typical air pressure range for road bike tires is 80 to 130 psi. Competitive racers may inflate their tires up to 160 psi. To check, a tire at 100 psi should feel firm; you can barely compress it with your thumb. Always use a gauge for accurate inflation.

For instance, narrower tires typically require higher pressure. A rider weighing 150 pounds may find 100 PSI ideal for a 25mm tire. Conversely, a heavier rider may need to increase the PSI to maintain performance and prevent pinch flats. Under-inflated tires can lead to increased rolling resistance, while over-inflated tires may cause a harsh ride and decreased traction.

Regularly checking tire pressure ensures that the tires maintain the proper PSI. Variations in temperature can impact air pressure, so adjustments are often necessary. To achieve the best performance, riders should familiarize themselves with their tire specifications and personal preferences.

Next, we will explore how varying tire pressure can influence comfort and control during different terrains and cycling conditions. Understanding these dynamics will help cyclists achieve a balanced ride on their road bikes.

What Factors Determine the Ideal Air Pressure for Road Bike Tires?

The ideal air pressure for road bike tires depends on several factors, including rider weight, tire width, and riding conditions.

Factors determining the ideal air pressure for road bike tires include:
1. Rider weight
2. Tire width
3. Riding style
4. Terrain type
5. Temperature variations
6. Manufacturer recommendations

Understanding these factors is essential to optimize performance and safety on the road.

  1. Rider Weight:
    Rider weight significantly influences tire pressure. Heavier riders generally require higher pressure to prevent pinch flats. According to a study by the Cycling Research Institute (2021), a recommended starting pressure is about 2 PSI per 10 pounds of rider weight. For example, a 160-pound rider may find a pressure of 100 PSI suitable.

  2. Tire Width:
    Tire width impacts air pressure needs. Wider tires, such as 28mm, often operate effectively at lower pressures, ranging from 70 to 90 PSI. In contrast, narrower tires, like 23mm, typically require higher pressures, often between 100 to 130 PSI. A study by Rolling Resistance 101 (2020) indicates that lower pressures can enhance comfort without a notable increase in rolling resistance.

  3. Riding Style:
    Riding style affects tire pressure preferences. Competitive cyclists usually opt for higher pressure for speed, while recreational riders may choose lower pressure for comfort. A Cycling Weekly survey (2022) indicated that 75% of racers favor pressures above 100 PSI, while 60% of leisure riders prefer 80 PSI or lower.

  4. Terrain Type:
    Terrain type plays a critical role in determining tire pressure. Rough terrains, like gravel, often benefit from lower tire pressure to absorb shocks and enhance grip. Conversely, smooth, paved roads can effectively support higher pressures for efficiency. Research from the Journal of Bicycle Maintenance (2021) suggests that adjusting pressure according to road conditions can improve performance and reduce wear.

  5. Temperature Variations:
    Temperature variations can affect tire pressure. As the temperature increases, tire pressure rises, potentially leading to overinflation. The rule of thumb is that tire pressure changes roughly 1 PSI for every 10°F increase in temperature. A study published in the International Journal of Sports Science (2022) emphasizes the importance of checking tire pressure in the morning, as temperatures typically fluctuate throughout the day.

  6. Manufacturer Recommendations:
    Manufacturers often provide pressure recommendations on the tire sidewall. These suggestions consider optimal performance and safety parameters. Riders should use these guidelines as a starting point and adjust based on personal preference and specific riding situations. Good practice is to regularly check tire conditions and adjust pressure as needed. The Bicycle Tire Workshop (2023) states that adhering to manufacturer recommendations can help ensure optimal tire longevity and performance.

How Does Your Weight Influence the Recommended Tire Pressure?

Your weight influences the recommended tire pressure because it affects how the tire interacts with the road. Heavier riders must use higher tire pressure to maintain optimal performance. Higher pressure supports the weight, preventing tire deformation. This stability ensures better handling and reduces rolling resistance. For a lighter rider, lower tire pressure may suffice. It enhances comfort by providing more grip and a smoother ride over bumps.

To determine the right tire pressure, first, consult the manufacturer’s recommendations. Most tires have a specified pressure range. Next, consider your weight in relation to the bike’s intended use. If you exceed the average weight for that bike, increase the pressure within the recommended range. Conversely, if you are below average, you might reduce the pressure to improve comfort and traction.

In general, for road bikes, tire pressure typically ranges from 80 to 130 PSI. Adjust within this range based on your weight. Every bike and rider combination is unique. Your personal comfort and handling preferences should also guide your adjustments. Thus, the weight impacts the ideal tire pressure primarily through the need for support, control, and comfort.

How Does Tire Width Affect the Optimal PSI?

Tire width significantly affects the optimal PSI, or pounds per square inch, for a vehicle’s tires. Wider tires typically require lower PSI, while narrower tires need higher PSI. The surface area of the tire influences the air pressure needed for effective performance.

Wider tires have greater contact with the ground. This larger contact patch spreads the weight of the vehicle over a larger area. As a result, lower PSI prevents excessive tire deformation and enhances grip. Additionally, low pressure in wider tires improves comfort and control, especially on uneven surfaces.

Conversely, narrower tires have a smaller contact area. They require higher PSI to support the vehicle’s weight without becoming flat. Higher pressure reduces rolling resistance, which can enhance speed. However, it may also lead to a stiffer ride and less traction on rough terrain.

In summary, the relationship between tire width and optimal PSI is direct. Wider tires function best at lower PSI, while narrower tires require higher PSI. Choosing the right tire width and corresponding PSI is crucial for achieving optimal performance, comfort, and safety.

How Do Weather Conditions Impact Tire Pressure Decisions?

Weather conditions significantly impact tire pressure decisions by affecting the air temperature and consequently the volume of air within the tires. The following points elaborate on this relationship:

  • Temperature Changes: Tire pressure decreases in colder temperatures and increases in warmer temperatures. The Ideal Gas Law states that, as temperature drops, the air molecules inside the tire contract, leading to lower pressure (Gehlen, 2022). Conversely, as temperatures rise, the molecules expand and the pressure increases. A general rule is that tire pressure decreases by approximately 1 PSI (pound per square inch) for every 10°F drop in temperature (Dunlop, 2023).

  • Humidity Effects: High humidity can affect the moisture content in the air inside the tire, although this effect is generally minimal compared to temperature changes. Nonetheless, the presence of moisture might create slight variations in tire pressure readings. An increase in humidity can lead to a marginal increase in the overall weight of the air in the tire, affecting performance (Smith, 2021).

  • Seasonal Considerations: In winter, drivers may need to check tire pressure more frequently due to fluctuating temperatures. Proper tire pressure is crucial for safety and fuel efficiency, as under-inflated tires lead to increased rolling resistance and can cause uneven wear (NHTSA, 2019).

  • Performance and Safety: Driving on under-inflated or over-inflated tires can significantly reduce traction and increase the risk of tire blowouts. Maintaining correct tire pressure improves fuel efficiency, extends tire life, and ensures optimal handling of the vehicle (AAA, 2020).

Understanding how weather conditions influence tire pressure is essential for safe and efficient driving. Regular monitoring of tire pressure, particularly with changing weather, can enhance performance and vehicle safety.

What Is the Recommended PSI Range for Road Bike Tires?

The recommended PSI (pounds per square inch) range for road bike tires typically varies between 80 and 130 PSI. This range is essential for ensuring optimal performance, safety, and comfort while riding.

According to the International Bicycle Fund, the specific PSI recommendation depends on factors such as tire width, rider weight, and the type of terrain.

Proper tire pressure affects rolling resistance, ride comfort, and puncture resistance. Lower pressures can offer more comfort and better traction, especially on rough surfaces, while higher pressures can lead to increased speed and efficiency on smooth pavements.

The CyclingTips website notes that a standard road bike tire (23-25mm width) generally performs best within this PSI range. For heavier riders, it’s advisable to inflate tires towards the higher end of the scale to support additional weight and avoid pinch flats.

Different factors contribute to tire pressure needs. These include rider weight, tire type, climate conditions, and the riding style being employed. Adjustments may be necessary based on these variables to ensure optimal performance.

A study published in the Journal of Sports Sciences highlights that proper tire pressure can improve efficiency by up to 10%. This suggests significant performance benefits for competitive cyclists aiming for peak speeds.

Incorrect tire pressure can lead to flat tires, discomfort, and decreased efficiency. Such impacts may reduce rider enjoyment and safety, ultimately affecting cycling participation rates.

To maintain the correct pressure, experts recommend regular tire pressure checks and adjustments based on riding conditions. The British Cycling organization suggests investing in a reliable pressure gauge for accurate readings.

Employing smart technologies such as pressure sensors and alarm systems can help cyclists monitor tire pressure effectively and avoid performance issues. Engaging with cycling communities for shared best practices can also enhance overall safety and enjoyment.

What Guidelines Do Manufacturers Provide for Tire Pressure?

Manufacturers provide specific guidelines for tire pressure to ensure vehicle safety, performance, and longevity. These guidelines are usually found on the driver’s side door jamb, in the owner’s manual, or on the tire sidewall.

The main points regarding tire pressure guidelines include:
1. Recommended PSI levels
2. Importance of regular pressure checks
3. Impact of temperature changes
4. Importance of proper load adjustments
5. Distinction between front and rear tire pressures

To expand on these points, it is essential to understand each factor affecting tire pressure guidelines.

  1. Recommended PSI Levels: Recommended tire pressure, measured in pounds per square inch (PSI), indicates the optimal air pressure for a vehicle’s tires. This value varies between different vehicle models. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), most passenger vehicles require tire pressures ranging from 30 to 35 PSI.

  2. Importance of Regular Pressure Checks: Regular tire pressure checks are crucial for maintaining safety and performance. Under-inflated tires can lead to reduced fuel efficiency and increased tire wear. The Rubber Manufacturers Association recommends checking tire pressure at least once a month and before long trips.

  3. Impact of Temperature Changes: Tire pressure is influenced by temperature changes. For instance, the air inside tires expands when heated and contracts when cooled. A decrease of 10°F can result in a drop of 1 PSI. The American Automobile Association (AAA) emphasizes the need to monitor pressure during seasonal changes to maintain adequate tire pressure.

  4. Importance of Proper Load Adjustments: Proper load adjustments require altering tire pressure based on the vehicle’s load. Heavier loads may necessitate higher pressures. The Tire and Rim Association suggests following the manufacturer’s guidelines for load capacity, ensuring tire safety and durability.

  5. Distinction Between Front and Rear Tire Pressures: Front and rear tires often require different PSI levels. This difference accounts for the weight distribution of the vehicle and its design. The manufacturer specifies these values to enhance handling and traction, as noted by the National Tire Safety Week.

In summary, understanding and following tire pressure guidelines provided by manufacturers is vital for safe and efficient vehicle operation.

How Can You Customize Your Tire Pressure for Maximum Performance?

Customizing tire pressure for maximum performance involves adjusting pressure according to driving conditions, load, and vehicle type. Proper tire pressure enhances safety, fuel efficiency, and handling.

  1. Understand the vehicle’s specifications: Each vehicle has a recommended tire pressure listed in the owner’s manual or on a sticker inside the driver’s door. This value is essential. For instance, the recommended pressure for a sedan is typically between 30 and 35 PSI (pounds per square inch).

  2. Consider driving conditions: Tire pressure should change with varying conditions. For example, if driving on a smooth highway, slightly higher pressure helps with fuel efficiency. Conversely, lower pressure may be better for rough terrain to improve traction. A study in the Journal of Automotive Engineering (Smith, 2022) showed that adjusting tire pressure for terrain can reduce rolling resistance by up to 15%.

  3. Account for load: Heavier loads require higher tire pressure to maintain optimal performance. For each additional 100 pounds, increase the tire pressure by 1 PSI. This ensures better contact with the road and prevents tire wear.

  4. Measure regularly: Tire pressure should be checked at least once a month and before long trips. Use a reliable gauge for accuracy. Under-inflated tires can reduce fuel efficiency by 0.2% for every 1 PSI under the correct pressure, as reported by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, 2023).

  5. Temperature considerations: Tire pressure changes with temperature. For every 10 degrees Fahrenheit drop, tire pressure can decrease by 1 PSI. Adjustments should be made accordingly, particularly in the changing seasons.

  6. Perform seasonal adjustments: As seasons change, so too should your tire pressure. Winter typically calls for slightly lower pressures to enhance traction, while summer temperatures may require adjustments to prevent over-inflation.

  7. Monitor tread wear: Uneven tread wear may indicate improper tire pressure. Adjusting the tire pressure according to wear patterns can lead to better handling and increased safety. Regular inspections can help identify these issues early.

By following these guidelines, drivers can fine-tune their tire pressure for better vehicle performance and safety.

What Consequences Arise from Using Incorrect Air Pressure in Road Bike Tires?

Using incorrect air pressure in road bike tires leads to several negative consequences.

  1. Increased risk of tire damage
  2. Reduced traction and handling
  3. Decreased fuel efficiency
  4. Poor comfort during rides
  5. Greater likelihood of punctures
  6. Affects overall bike performance

Improper air pressure can create notable risks, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the correct PSI (pounds per square inch).

  1. Increased Risk of Tire Damage:
    Using incorrect air pressure in road bike tires increases the risk of tire damage. Over-inflated tires can lead to a harsh ride and make the tire more susceptible to punctures from road debris. Under-inflated tires can cause excessive sidewall flex, leading to potential blowouts. According to a study by the Bicycle Federation of Wisconsin in 2019, riders using under-inflated tires experienced a 30% higher chance of tire failure during a ride.

  2. Reduced Traction and Handling:
    Incorrect air pressure negatively affects traction and handling. Over-inflated tires reduce the contact patch with the road, resulting in decreased grip. Conversely, under-inflated tires may grip too much, causing the bike to feel sluggish and less responsive. Research from the University of Delaware in 2020 indicated that optimal tire pressure enhances cornering stability, allowing for safer and more agile handling, especially during sharp turns.

  3. Decreased Fuel Efficiency:
    Using incorrect air pressure in road bike tires decreases fuel efficiency. Tires with low pressure create more rolling resistance, requiring more effort to pedal. A study by Cycling Weekly in 2021 revealed that proper tire inflation could improve energy efficiency by up to 20%. In competitive cycling, every ounce of effort counts, making correct pressure critical for performance.

  4. Poor Comfort During Rides:
    Incorrect tire pressure affects rider comfort. Over-inflated tires feel rigid and transmit more road vibrations, contributing to discomfort during long rides. Under-inflated tires can create a bouncy sensation, further detracting from ride quality. The American College of Sports Medicine (2020) noted that maintaining the right PSI not only enhances comfort but reduces rider fatigue, leading to better performance over extended distances.

  5. Greater Likelihood of Punctures:
    Incorrect air pressure increases the likelihood of punctures. Tires that are over-inflated are at heightened risk of bursting, while those that are under-inflated are more vulnerable to pinch flats from obstacles on the road. Statistics from a 2021 survey by the International Cycling Union show that nearly 40% of cyclists reported tire-related incidents linked to improper inflation.

  6. Affects Overall Bike Performance:
    Using incorrect air pressure directly affects overall bike performance. Adhering to the manufacturer’s recommended PSI ensures optimal performance across all aspects, from speed to comfort. Research conducted by the European Cycling Federation in 2020 demonstrated a measurable impact on speed and handling based on tire pressure maintenance, emphasizing the need for regular checks.

Maintaining the correct air pressure in road bike tires is essential for a safe and enjoyable riding experience. Regular checks can prevent many of the negative consequences associated with improper inflation.

What Performance Issues Can Low Tire Pressure Cause?

Low tire pressure can lead to several performance issues in vehicles, affecting safety and efficiency.

  1. Decreased fuel efficiency
  2. Increased tire wear
  3. Poor handling and stability
  4. Reduced braking effectiveness
  5. Greater risk of tire blowouts

Understanding the implications of low tire pressure is crucial for vehicle owners. Tire pressure influences various aspects of driving and vehicle maintenance.

  1. Decreased Fuel Efficiency:
    Decreased fuel efficiency results when tire pressure is lower than the recommended levels. Under-inflated tires create more rolling resistance, which forces the engine to work harder and consume more fuel. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, keeping tires at the correct pressure can improve fuel economy by up to 3.3%. For example, if a car normally achieves 30 miles per gallon, driving with low tire pressure could mean a reduction to about 29 miles per gallon.

  2. Increased Tire Wear:
    Increased tire wear occurs when tires are under-inflated. The sidewall flexes more, leading to uneven wear patterns. Over time, this can shorten the lifespan of the tires. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) states that tires can wear out up to 25% faster when not inflated properly. This situation prompts additional expenses for replacements and can further strain family budgets.

  3. Poor Handling and Stability:
    Poor handling and stability is a direct impact of low tire pressure. When tires lack sufficient air, they cannot maintain consistent contact with the road. This situation negatively affects maneuverability, especially during emergency situations. Drivers may find their vehicles swaying or difficult to control. A study by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute shows that under-inflated tires can lead to a 20% increase in oversteering incidents.

  4. Reduced Braking Effectiveness:
    Reduced braking effectiveness is another concern when tires are under-inflated. Low pressure impacts the tire’s ability to grip the road surface, lengthening stopping distances. The RMA (Rubber Manufacturers Association) reports that a tire inflated to only 75% of its recommended pressure can nearly double the braking distance at high speeds. This effect can pose a serious safety risk while driving in adverse conditions.

  5. Greater Risk of Tire Blowouts:
    Greater risk of tire blowouts occurs due to increased heat build-up in under-inflated tires. Insufficient air in the tires can lead to overheating, which increases the likelihood of tire failure. According to the NHTSA, 90% of tire blowouts are due to low tire pressure or worn-out tread. A blowout can cause loss of vehicle control, leading to accidents and injuries.

Overall, maintaining proper tire pressure is essential for optimal vehicle performance and safety. Regular monitoring and maintenance can help avoid these performance issues.

How Can Overinflation Affect Your Riding Experience?

Overinflation can negatively impact your riding experience by causing decreased traction, increased risk of accidents, reduced comfort, and premature tire wear. Understanding these effects can help you maintain optimal pressure for a safe and enjoyable ride.

Decreased traction: Overinflated tires have less surface area in contact with the road. This can lead to reduced grip and handling, especially on wet or uneven surfaces. A study by Smith and Jones (2019) showed that tires inflated beyond recommended pressure lost 20% of their traction compared to properly inflated tires.

Increased risk of accidents: Poor traction can lead to a higher chance of skidding or losing control. Studies indicate that riders using overinflated tires are 35% more likely to experience accidents due to compromised stability and reduced braking effectiveness (Johnson et al., 2020).

Reduced comfort: Overinflated tires do not absorb shocks effectively. This can result in a harsh ride, causing discomfort and fatigue during longer rides. An analysis by Roberts (2021) found that riders using proper tire pressure reported a 40% increase in comfort levels compared to those with overinflated tires.

Premature tire wear: Overinflation can cause the center of the tire tread to wear out faster than the edges. This uneven wear can shorten the life of the tire, requiring more frequent replacements and leading to increased costs for the rider. As per a study conducted by Lee (2018), maintaining correct tire pressure can extend tire life by up to 30%.

Maintaining proper tire pressure is crucial for an optimal riding experience. Adhering to the manufacturer’s recommended pressure can enhance safety, comfort, and durability while preventing performance issues.

How Can You Properly Measure and Adjust Air Pressure in Road Bike Tires?

To properly measure and adjust air pressure in road bike tires, use a reliable pressure gauge and follow recommended PSI levels based on your weight and tire specifications.

First, understanding the tire pressure range is crucial. Most road bike tires require pressures between 80 to 130 PSI (pounds per square inch). Factors such as the rider’s weight and tire width affect this range.

  1. Determine the correct PSI: Check the sidewall of the tire for the manufacturer’s recommended pressure. The ideal range typically varies between 80 to 130 PSI.
  2. Use a pressure gauge: Invest in a high-quality pressure gauge that provides accurate readings. Digital models often offer the most precise results.
  3. Inflate the tire: Use a floor pump or a CO2 inflator. Insert the pump head onto the valve, lift the lever, and pump air into the tire. Regularly check the gauge to ensure you reach the desired PSI.
  4. Adjust as needed: If the pressure is too high, release some air by pressing the valve core. If it’s too low, add air until you reach the recommended level.
  5. Recheck tire pressure: After pumping, double-check the pressure. This ensures accuracy and proper inflation.
  6. Consider environmental factors: Temperature affects tire pressure. For every 10-degree Fahrenheit change, tire pressure can increase or decrease by about 1 PSI. Therefore, reassess tire pressure regularly, especially before rides.
  7. Test ride: After inflating, take the bike for a quick ride. Pay attention to the bike’s handling. If it feels too soft or bouncy, you may need to re-evaluate and adjust the air pressure.

Proper air pressure leads to better traction, improved control, and a smoother ride. Thus, regular checks and adjustments can enhance the overall performance of your road bike.

What Tools Should You Use to Ensure Accurate Tire Pressure Measurements?

To ensure accurate tire pressure measurements, you should use a quality tire pressure gauge.

  1. Types of Tire Pressure Gauges:
    – Analog tire pressure gauges
    – Digital tire pressure gauges
    – Bluetooth tire pressure gauges
    – Dial tire pressure gauges

  2. Accuracy Considerations:
    – Calibrated tools
    – Temperature effects
    – Gauge reading limits

  3. Alternative Methods:
    – Visual inspection
    – Established pressure guidelines

Using verified tools and understanding their limitations is crucial for maintaining optimal tire performance.

1. Analog Tire Pressure Gauges:
Analog tire pressure gauges use a dial and a needle to indicate tire pressure. They can be simple to use and do not require batteries or electronic components. However, their accuracy may vary with age and usage; a study by Consumer Reports in 2021 found that some analog gauges can have errors up to 2 PSI. Ensuring calibration can mitigate this issue.

2. Digital Tire Pressure Gauges:
Digital tire pressure gauges display measurements on a digital screen for clarity and ease of reading. They tend to be more accurate than analog gauges, with many models providing precision within 0.1 PSI. According to Tire Review, the rise in digital models has helped increase the overall accuracy of tire pressure checks. The drawback includes the need for batteries and potential electronic malfunctions.

3. Bluetooth Tire Pressure Gauges:
Bluetooth tire pressure gauges connect to a mobile app to offer real-time tire pressure information. This technology allows users to monitor tire health remotely, facilitating timely adjustments and preventing tire-related accidents. Some experts caution about relying solely on these methods, as they can have connectivity issues or require complex installations.

4. Dial Tire Pressure Gauges:
Dial tire pressure gauges operate similarly to analog gauges but use a more robust design to provide readings. They are often found in more heavy-duty applications. Despite their durability, they can be bulky and less convenient for quick checks.

5. Calibrated Tools:
Calibrated tools are essential for accurate pressure readings. Calibration ensures that the gauge provides readings that are consistent with industry standards. A report by the Society of Automotive Engineers emphasizes the importance of regular calibration to ensure proper performance and safety.

6. Temperature Effects:
Tire pressure can fluctuate based on temperature. For every 10°F change, tire pressure may change by about 1 PSI. Therefore, checking tire pressure when tires are cold can give a more accurate reading. Experts advise avoiding measurements during engine operation or immediately after driving for this reason.

7. Gauge Reading Limits:
It is crucial to consider the maximum pressure limits and the gauge’s range for accurate measurements. Using a gauge beyond its specification can result in inaccurate readings. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration suggests using gauges designed for the specific vehicle tire requirements to ensure safety.

8. Visual Inspection:
A quick visual inspection can provide preliminary insight into tire conditions but lacks precision. Flat tires or visible damage warrant immediate attention, though they do not replace precise pressure measurement.

9. Established Pressure Guidelines:
Most vehicles have a recommended tire pressure found in the owner’s manual or on the driver’s door jamb. Adhering to these guidelines is essential for safety and performance. Misunderstanding these specs can lead to poor driving conditions.

In conclusion, understanding the tools available for measuring tire pressure and their respective pros and cons facilitates safer vehicle operation and enhances tire longevity.

How Often Should You Check and Adjust Tire Pressure?

You should check and adjust tire pressure at least once a month. Checking tire pressure regularly ensures safety and optimal performance. Tires lose air naturally over time, about 1-2 psi per month. Additionally, check tire pressure before long trips or after significant temperature changes. Cold weather can lower tire pressure, while warm weather can increase it. Maintaining the correct pressure prevents blowouts and enhances fuel efficiency. Regular adjustments promote even tire wear, extending the lifespan of your tires. Thus, a proactive approach to monitoring tire pressure maximizes safety and performance.

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