How Car Manufacturers Determine Tire Pressure: Importance And Recommended PSI Explained [Update On 2025]

Car manufacturers determine tire pressure by working with tire producers. They set pressure in psi (pounds per square inch) based on factors like vehicle weight, size, towing capacity, and recommended tire size. This process ensures the vehicle performs well, stays safe, and offers comfort during operation.

Maintaining the correct PSI enhances traction and stability, especially during adverse weather conditions. Under-inflated tires can lead to faster wear and increase the risk of blowouts. Conversely, over-inflated tires may cause reduced traction and a harsher ride.

Manufacturers typically provide the recommended PSI in the vehicle’s owner manual and on a label located on the driver’s side door jamb. Owners should check tire pressure regularly, ideally once a month and before long trips.

Understanding how car manufacturers determine tire pressure and its importance can lead to better vehicle performance. Next, we will explore how to check and maintain tire pressure effectively. We will also discuss the typical ranges of PSI for various types of vehicles, providing a deeper understanding of tire maintenance best practices.

Table of Contents

What Is Tire Pressure and Why Is It Important for Your Vehicle?

Tire pressure is the measure of inflation within a tire, typically expressed in pounds per square inch (PSI). It affects vehicle safety, handling, fuel efficiency, and tire wear.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) establishes that proper tire pressure is crucial for optimal vehicle performance and safety. Maintaining the correct tire pressure ensures better traction and stability while driving.

Proper tire pressure influences several aspects of vehicle performance. Under-inflated tires may increase rolling resistance and decrease fuel efficiency. Over-inflated tires can lead to less traction and uneven wear, affecting vehicle safety.

The Tire and Rubber Association (USTMA) defines tire pressure as “the amount of air within the tire.” The association highlights that optimal tire pressure varies by vehicle type and load, necessitating regular checks.

Common causes of improper tire pressure include temperature changes, overloading the vehicle, and natural air loss over time. Environmental factors like extreme heat or cold can also impact tire pressure significantly.

According to the Rubber Manufacturers Association, under-inflation is responsible for roughly 660 fatalities in the U.S. annually and contributes to over 33,000 accidents. Maintaining the correct tire pressure can improve fuel economy by 3.3%, saving drivers money.

Improproper tire pressure can lead to increased soil erosion, higher greenhouse gas emissions, and unnecessary financial burdens for consumers. These issues also impact road safety and infrastructure.

Examples include the correlation between under-inflated tires and increased carbon emissions. Drivers with improperly inflated tires contribute more to climate change.

To address tire pressure issues, the NHTSA recommends regular tire pressure checks, ideally monthly. Proper awareness and compliance with manufacturer-recommended PSI can mitigate safety risks.

Technologies such as Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) and digital inflators help maintain proper tire pressure. These innovations support safer driving practices and promote fuel efficiency.

How Do Car Manufacturers Determine the Recommended Tire Pressure for Each Model?

Car manufacturers determine the recommended tire pressure for each model based on specific tests, vehicle design, safety standards, and performance considerations. The process involves multiple factors that ensure optimal handling, fuel efficiency, and safety.

Testing: Manufacturers conduct extensive tests under various conditions. These conditions include different load weights and driving scenarios to gauge how the tires perform. A study by TireRack.com (2022) emphasizes the importance of testing for handling and comfort.
Vehicle Design: The makeup of the vehicle influences tire pressure recommendations. Factors like vehicle weight, suspension design, and optimal load distribution are analyzed. Lighter vehicles often require lower tire pressures than heavier ones to maintain proper grip and handling.
Safety Standards: Regulatory bodies, such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), set safety standards that manufacturers must follow. Compliance with these regulations ensures that vehicles maintain performance under specified conditions, including tire pressure.
Performance Considerations: Tire pressure affects vehicle dynamics, including handling, braking, and fuel efficiency. Higher pressures can reduce rolling resistance, improving fuel economy, while lower pressures can enhance traction. Engineers balance these aspects to recommend a pressure that optimizes performance.
Manufacturer Specifications: Each car model has specific recommendations listed on the driver’s side door jamb or in the owner’s manual. These recommended pressures are developed after thorough testing and analyses, ensuring safety and performance for typical driving conditions.

By integrating these factors, manufacturers arrive at the ideal tire pressure for each car model, supporting both safety and driving performance.

What Factors Influence Tire Pressure Recommendations from Manufacturers?

Tire pressure recommendations from manufacturers are influenced by various factors that ensure safety, performance, and efficiency.

Vehicle specifications
Tire design and construction
Load capacity
Intended use conditions
Environmental factors
Regulatory standards
Consumer feedback

These factors work together to establish optimal tire pressure, enhancing overall vehicle performance and safety.

Vehicle Specifications: Vehicle specifications include the manufacturer’s design choices for the vehicle, such as weight, size, and handling characteristics. Different vehicles, like sedans and SUVs, have varied PSI requirements based on these specifications. For example, a sports car may require a higher tire pressure for improved performance and handling, while a family sedan may prioritize comfort.
Tire Design and Construction: Tire design and construction entail the materials, tread patterns, and internal structures of tires. Each tire is engineered to handle specific pressure ranges effectively. According to a 2021 report by the Tire Industry Association, the type of rubber, the number of plies (layers), and tread design can influence how tires perform at different pressures. High-performance tires, for example, are often built to withstand higher pressure without sacrificing grip.
Load Capacity: Load capacity refers to the amount of weight a tire can safely support, which impacts tire pressure recommendations. Tires must be inflated to a pressure that accommodates the vehicle’s weight and any additional load. The maximum load rating can be found on the tire sidewall. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) emphasizes matching the recommended tire pressure to the load being carried, as under-inflated tires can lead to overheating and blowouts.
Intended Use Conditions: Intended use conditions include the types of driving scenarios the vehicle will encounter, such as highway driving or off-road situations. Different conditions can affect traction and handling. For instance, tires used in off-road environments often require different pressures to maintain better grip and prevent damage. A study by the Rubber Manufacturers Association in 2019 indicated that optimal tire pressure for off-road driving can reduce punctures and increase safety.
Environmental Factors: Environmental factors encompass temperature and climate variations that can affect tire pressure. Tire pressure can decrease in colder temperatures and increase in warmer temperatures due to changes in air density. The American Automobile Association (AAA) warns that temperature changes of 10°F can alter tire pressure by approximately 1 PSI, making seasonal adjustments crucial.
Regulatory Standards: Regulatory standards set by vehicular safety organizations establish minimum safety requirements for tire pressure. In many countries, it is mandatory for manufacturers to provide a label with recommended tire pressures to comply with safety regulations. These standards help ensure that vehicle performance is maintained and that consumer safety is prioritized.
Consumer Feedback: Consumer feedback on tire performance and safety can lead to updates in pressure recommendations. Manufacturers may adjust their recommendations based on real-world data collected from users. Customer experiences can indicate problems like premature tire wear or handling issues, prompting a reevaluation of the recommended pressure by manufacturers.

These interconnected factors shape tire pressure recommendations, which are vital for ensuring optimum safety and performance in vehicles.

How Does Vehicle Weight Impact Recommended Tire Pressure?

Vehicle weight significantly impacts recommended tire pressure. Heavier vehicles require higher tire pressure to support their weight. This ensures proper tire performance, enhances fuel efficiency, and provides a smoother ride. Each vehicle has a manufacturer-recommended tire pressure listed on a placard, usually found in the driver’s door jamb. This recommendation considers the weight distribution and intended load capacity of the vehicle.

If a vehicle is loaded beyond its standard weight, it may need increased tire pressure to maintain safety and performance. Conversely, if the vehicle is lighter than average, the tire pressure may be lower. Maintaining the correct tire pressure helps prevent tire wear, improves handling, and promotes safety. Therefore, it is crucial to adjust tire pressure according to the vehicle’s weight for optimal performance.

What Role Do Tire Specifications Play in Establishing Ideal Tire Pressure?

Tire specifications play a crucial role in establishing the ideal tire pressure for vehicles. They provide essential information about tire size, construction, and load capacity, which directly influence the recommended pressure levels.

Tire Size
Tire Design and Construction
Load Carrying Capacity
Recommended Pressure Range
Seasonal Adjustments
Manufacturer Guidelines

The factors above highlight the significance of tire specifications. Understanding them can help ensure optimal vehicle performance and safety.

Tire Size:
Tire size refers to the dimensions of the tire, including width, aspect ratio, and diameter. The size affects how much air the tire can hold. For instance, wider tires typically require more air than narrower ones. According to the Tire and Rim Association, the specification code on the tire sidewall includes these measurements, which helps determine the correct pressure.
Tire Design and Construction:
Tire design includes aspects such as tread pattern and rubber composition. Different designs cater to various driving conditions, such as off-road versus highway. This affects how the tire handles pressure. For example, all-terrain tires may require different pressure levels compared to dedicated performance tires. A study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2020 found that improper pressure can lead to reduced traction, increased stopping distance, and faster tire wear.
Load Carrying Capacity:
Load carrying capacity indicates the maximum weight a tire can safely support. Each tire has a specific load index denoting its capabilities. Overloading a vehicle can lead to tire failure. For example, a tire rated to support 1,000 pounds will need higher pressure when loaded to that limit than when it is unloaded. The American Automobile Association recommends checking load ratings to maintain safety.
Recommended Pressure Range:
Manufacturers provide a recommended pressure range for each tire based on testing. This range balances performance, safety, and fuel efficiency. Typically indicated on a label inside the driver’s door or in the owner’s manual, adhering to this guidance helps prevent issues like hydroplaning or blowouts. The Tire Industry Association emphasizes that maintaining ideal pressure can improve fuel economy by up to 3%.
Seasonal Adjustments:
Seasonal temperature changes affect tire pressure. Cold weather can decrease air pressure, while warm weather can increase it. For every 10°F drop in temperature, tire pressure can decrease by about 1 PSI. The Rubber Manufacturers Association advises checking pressure during seasonal changes to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Manufacturer Guidelines:
Vehicle manufacturers outline specific tire specifications and recommended pressures based on vehicle design and performance requirements. These guidelines must be followed to ensure safety and efficiency. Ignoring them can lead to poor handling or increased fuel consumption. An example is the Ford Motor Company, which regularly updates guidelines based on extensive testing to adapt to new tire technologies.

Understanding these aspects ensures that drivers maintain optimal tire pressure, enhancing safety, performance, and longevity of the tires.

Why Is Proper Tire Pressure Essential for Optimal Vehicle Performance?

Proper tire pressure is essential for optimal vehicle performance. Maintaining the correct tire pressure ensures safety, improves fuel efficiency, and enhances vehicle handling and comfort.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), proper tire pressure is critical for vehicle safety and performance. The NHTSA emphasizes that under-inflated or over-inflated tires can lead to accidents, tire wear, and increased fuel consumption.

The underlying reasons for the importance of proper tire pressure are straightforward. First, under-inflated tires increase rolling resistance. This means the tires have to work harder to move the vehicle, which consumes more fuel. Conversely, over-inflated tires can lead to a decreased contact area with the road. This decreases traction and can result in uneven tire wear. Additionally, improper tire pressure can cause handling issues, making the vehicle harder to steer and control.

Rolling resistance is the force resisting the motion of the tires as they roll. When tires are under-inflated, the sidewalls flex more, leading to a greater surface area in contact with the road. This increased contact creates extra friction, resulting in higher fuel consumption. Conversely, over-inflation results in less traction. The tires cannot grip the road effectively, leading to a risk of skidding.

Specific conditions that contribute to improper tire pressure include temperature fluctuations and heavy loads. For example, colder temperatures can reduce tire pressure by approximately 1 psi (pound per square inch) for every 10-degree drop in ambient temperature. Additionally, carrying heavy loads can increase tire pressure if the tires are not adjusted accordingly. Vehicles frequently driven in city traffic, where stop-and-go conditions are common, may also cause uneven tire wear due to heated tires.

In conclusion, maintaining proper tire pressure is vital for safe and efficient vehicle operation. Checking tire pressure regularly helps ensure the best performance and longevity of the tires.

How Is Fuel Efficiency Affected by Tire Pressure Levels?

Fuel efficiency is significantly affected by tire pressure levels. Proper tire pressure ensures optimal contact between the tires and the road. When tires are under-inflated, they experience increased rolling resistance. This resistance requires the engine to work harder, thus consuming more fuel. Conversely, over-inflated tires can decrease traction and lead to uneven tire wear, which also negatively impacts fuel efficiency.

Maintaining the recommended tire pressure improves fuel economy. Each vehicle has a specified tire pressure, usually indicated on a label inside the driver’s door or in the owner’s manual. Regularly checking and adjusting tire pressure helps ensure that it remains within this recommended range. By doing so, drivers can enhance fuel efficiency, improve safety, and prolong tire life.

In summary, proper tire pressure is essential for maximizing fuel efficiency. Regular maintenance of tire pressure directly influences how much fuel a vehicle consumes.

What Safety Risks Are Associated with Incorrect Tire Pressure?

Incorrect tire pressure poses significant safety risks for drivers and passengers. Maintaining the correct tire pressure is crucial for optimal vehicle performance and safety.

Increased risk of tire blowouts
Decreased fuel efficiency
Impaired vehicle handling and stability
Increased tire wear
Poor braking performance
Increased stopping distance

The safety risks associated with incorrect tire pressure encompass multiple facets of vehicle operation and safety.

Increased Risk of Tire Blowouts: Incorrect tire pressure can lead to tire blowouts, which occur when tires overheat due to excessive pressure or deform under insufficient pressure. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), under-inflated tires contribute to approximately 3 million blowouts yearly in the U.S. A blowout can cause drivers to lose control of their vehicles, leading to accidents.
Decreased Fuel Efficiency: Incorrect tire pressure affects fuel efficiency. Under-inflated tires increase rolling resistance, causing engines to work harder. The NHTSA states that maintaining proper tire pressure can improve fuel economy by up to 3.3%. This improvement reduces overall fuel costs and lowers carbon emissions.
Impaired Vehicle Handling and Stability: Incorrect tire pressure affects vehicle handling. Over-inflated tires can lead to a harsh ride and reduced traction, while under-inflated tires can compromise steering response. A study by the American Automobile Association (AAA) indicates that tire pressure deviations can lead to a 10% decrease in surface contact, impairing overall vehicle stability.
Increased Tire Wear: Tires with incorrect pressure wear unevenly, reducing their lifespan. Under-inflated tires experience greater wear on the outer edges, while over-inflated tires wear more in the center. The Tire Industry Association indicates that improper inflation can reduce tire life by 25%.
Poor Braking Performance: Incorrect tire pressure negatively impacts braking performance. Tires that are either over or under-inflated fail to provide appropriate grip, increasing stopping distances. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, cars with under-inflated tires can experience a braking distance increase of 40%.
Increased Stopping Distance: Increased stopping distance is another critical risk associated with incorrect tire pressure. When tires do not grip the road effectively, drivers need more distance to come to a stop. Studies show that under-inflation can increase stopping distance by up to 20%, directly affecting driver safety.

Adhering to recommended tire pressure not only enhances safety but also optimizes vehicle performance and longevity.

How Can Vehicle Owners Ensure Their Tire Pressure Is Always Optimal?

Vehicle owners can ensure their tire pressure is always optimal by regularly checking the pressure, adhering to manufacturer recommendations, and properly maintaining their tires.

Regularly checking tire pressure is crucial for safety and efficiency. Tire pressure can change due to temperature fluctuations and natural air loss. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), approximately 27% of vehicles on the road have at least one under-inflated tire, which can reduce fuel efficiency by up to 3%.

Adhering to manufacturer recommendations is essential. Each vehicle has a specified tire pressure, usually found on a sticker inside the driver’s side door or in the owner’s manual. This recommended pressure ensures balanced tire wear and optimizes handling and fuel economy.

Proper tire maintenance contributes significantly to maintaining optimal tire pressure. Routine checks can identify leaks, punctures, or damage before they become serious problems. Additionally, rotating tires regularly can help ensure even wear, further supporting optimal pressure and extending tire life.

By integrating these practices into their vehicle care regimen, owners can promote safety, enhance performance, and improve fuel efficiency while prolonging the life of their tires.

What Tools Should Be Used to Accurately Measure Tire Pressure?

To accurately measure tire pressure, you should use either a digital tire pressure gauge or a dial-type tire pressure gauge.

Digital tire pressure gauge
Dial-type tire pressure gauge
Pen-style tire pressure gauge
Tank-style tire pressure gauge
Air compressor with built-in gauge

Each tool offers distinct advantages and perspectives that may influence your choice in measuring tire pressure. Understanding these differences can help you select the best tool for your needs.

Digital Tire Pressure Gauge: A digital tire pressure gauge provides an electronic reading for tire pressure. It displays results on a digital screen, often showing values to the nearest 0.1 psi. Digital gauges typically offer higher accuracy and easier readability. According to Consumer Reports (2022), they are favored for their precision and user-friendly design. However, they often require batteries, which can limit usability if battery levels are low.
Dial-Type Tire Pressure Gauge: A dial-type tire pressure gauge features an analog display with a needle indicator. This type is known for durability and does not require batteries. Many users appreciate their ability to withstand more wear and tear, making them a good option for regular checks. However, dial gauges may have slightly lower accuracy than digital types, particularly if they are not well-calibrated, according to a study by AutoWeek (2021).
Pen-Style Tire Pressure Gauge: A pen-style tire pressure gauge is compact and portable. It features a simple design with a sliding scale to indicate pressure readings. This option is ideal for keeping in a glove box or toolbox. However, some users find them less accurate than digital or dial gauges, especially if consistent pressure checks are needed.
Tank-Style Tire Pressure Gauge: Tank-style gauges are typically used in professional settings. They measure pressure in a tire using high-quality, industrial-grade mechanisms. While they offer high accuracy and durability, they are not as portable as other types and may not be ideal for everyday consumers.
Air Compressor with Built-In Gauge: Air compressors often come with a built-in tire pressure gauge. This tool allows you to check and adjust tire pressure simultaneously. However, as highlighted in a 2023 review by Tire Rack, built-in gauges can vary in accuracy and may not be as reliable as dedicated pressure gauges. Users are encouraged to cross-check readings with a standalone gauge for best practices.

Selecting the right tool depends on your personal preference, frequency of use, and need for accuracy. Consider these factors to ensure optimal tire maintenance and safety.

When Is the Best Time to Check Tire Pressure for Accuracy?

The best time to check tire pressure for accuracy is when the tires are cold. Checking tire pressure in the morning, before you drive, gives the most accurate reading. This is because tire pressure increases with heat generated during driving.

Here are the main components involved in checking tire pressure:

Time of Day: Morning is ideal since the tires have not warmed up from driving.
Tire Temperature: Cold tires provide a baseline for accurate pressure measurement.
Manufacturer Recommendations: Refer to the vehicle’s owner manual for the recommended PSI (pounds per square inch).

The logical sequence to check tire pressure involves these steps:

Identify the Recommended PSI: Each vehicle has a specific PSI, typically found on a sticker inside the driver’s door or in the owner’s manual. This provides the target pressure needed.
Wait for Cold Tires: Approach the task early in the day or after sitting for at least three hours when the vehicle has not been driven.
Use a Tire Pressure Gauge: Remove the valve stem cap and press the gauge onto the valve. This action measures the current pressure inside the tire.
Compare and Adjust: Compare the gauge reading to the recommended PSI. If the reading is lower, add air until it reaches the correct level. If it’s higher, let some air out to reach the appropriate PSI.

This method ensures an accurate reading and optimal tire performance. Consistently checking pressure at the right time helps maintain vehicle safety and fuel efficiency.

What Are Common Misconceptions Regarding Tire Pressure Maintenance?

Common misconceptions regarding tire pressure maintenance include several widely held but inaccurate beliefs.

Tire pressure should always be checked when tires are cold.
Higher tire pressure equals better fuel efficiency.
Tire pressure does not need to be checked during winter months.
New tires do not require pressure monitoring.
Tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) eliminate the need for manual checks.

Understanding these misconceptions is vital for safe driving and optimal fuel efficiency. Here, we break down each misconception for a clearer perspective on tire maintenance.

Tire Pressure Should Always Be Checked When Tires Are Cold: This statement is somewhat misleading. While checking tire pressure when the tires are cold is recommended for accuracy, it is essential to understand that factors like the ambient temperature can affect readings. For instance, the tire pressure decreases by about 1 PSI for every 10°F drop in outside temperature. Therefore, regular monitoring is needed, particularly in extreme weather.
Higher Tire Pressure Equals Better Fuel Efficiency: This misconception can lead to unsafe driving conditions. While under-inflated tires can negatively impact fuel efficiency, excessively high pressure can cause uneven tire wear and reduced traction. The ideal tire pressure is specific to each vehicle and should be checked according to the manufacturer’s guidelines, typically found on a label inside the driver’s door.
Tire Pressure Does Not Need to Be Checked During Winter Months: This belief can result in dangerous driving conditions. Winter weather can significantly affect tire pressure. A drop in temperature can cause a decrease in pressure, requiring frequent checks. According to the American Automobile Association (AAA), maintaining proper tire pressure is critical throughout the year to ensure safe handling and performance.
New Tires Do Not Require Pressure Monitoring: This is incorrect. Even new tires can lose pressure or be incorrectly inflated. New tires may come with a recommended pressure setting, but it is essential to monitor them regularly, especially after installation or significant temperature changes.
Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) Eliminate the Need for Manual Checks: While TPMS alerts drivers to low pressure, it does not replace the need for manual inspections. The system may not detect gradual pressure loss until it is already below safe levels. Regular manual checks should complement the TPMS to ensure optimal tire performance.

In summary, addressing these misconceptions can lead to safer driving experiences and enhanced vehicle performance. Awareness and accurate tire pressure maintenance are essential for every driver.

Why Does Tire Pressure Recommendation Vary Across Different Vehicle Types?

Tire pressure recommendations vary across different vehicle types due to several factors, including vehicle weight, load capacity, and intended use. Each vehicle type requires specific tire pressure to ensure optimal performance, safety, and efficiency.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the recommended tire pressure for a vehicle is determined by the vehicle manufacturer and takes into account various factors such as vehicle design and intended usage.

The underlying causes for varying tire pressure recommendations can be broken down into three key aspects:

Vehicle Weight: Different vehicles have distinct weights. Heavier vehicles, such as trucks or SUVs, often need higher tire pressure to support their mass. Conversely, lighter vehicles, like compact cars, require lower pressure.
Load Capacity: Vehicles designed for heavier loads need higher tire pressure to maintain stability and control. For example, a pickup truck that regularly carries cargo needs different specifications than a sports car meant for speed.
Intended Use: Vehicles designed for off-road use, high-speed performance, or everyday commuting will have different tire needs. Tires optimized for off-road driving may require lower pressure for better grip on uneven surfaces, while performance cars may need higher pressure for responsive handling.

Tire pressure is a technical term referring to the amount of air within a tire, measured in pounds per square inch (PSI). Proper tire pressure is crucial for vehicle safety and performance. Under-inflated tires can lead to poor fuel efficiency, increased tire wear, and higher chances of tire blowouts. Over-inflated tires can harm traction and lead to uneven wear.

The mechanisms involved in tire pressure management rely on the tire’s construction. Tires consist of layers of rubber, fabric, and steel, which each play a role in supporting weight and withstanding road conditions. The internal air pressure distributes the vehicle’s weight evenly across the tire’s surface. This distribution allows for better grip and handling, especially in adverse conditions.

Specific conditions contributing to the need for varying tire pressure include:

Seasonal Changes: Temperature affects tire pressure. Cold weather can reduce air pressure, while warm weather can increase it. For example, tires may lose about 1 PSI for every 10-degree drop in temperature.
Tire Wear: Older tires may require different pressures as their materials deteriorate. Worn tires might need monitoring to ensure they are properly inflated.
Driving Habits: How often a vehicle is loaded or driven at high speeds can also influence tire pressure. Regular monitoring is essential for safety and vehicle longevity.

In conclusion, tire pressure recommendations differ across vehicle types due to weight, load, and usage considerations. Proper tire maintenance is essential for safety and efficiency.

How Frequently Should Tire Pressure Be Re-evaluated or Updated?

You should re-evaluate or update tire pressure at least once a month. This regular check ensures that your tires maintain optimal pressure for safety and performance. Changes in temperature can affect tire pressure significantly, so adjustments may be necessary with seasonal shifts. Additionally, check tire pressure before long trips or if you notice a change in handling. Proper tire pressure improves fuel efficiency and extends tire life. Always refer to your vehicle’s owner’s manual for the recommended pressure specified by the manufacturer.

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How Car Manufacturers Determine Tire Pressure: Importance and Recommended PSI Explained